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Gerund (Gerundio)

El gerundio y el infinitivo son formas de los verbos que actuan como nombres. El gerundio se forma con "-ing" (walking, eating, etc.). Como hemos visto en la lección sobre los verbos, el infinitivo se forma con la preposición "to" (to walk, to eat, etc.).

Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales)

  1. Podemos usar el gerundio o el infinitivo como objeto, sujeto o complemento de una frase, pero en general, es mucho más común usar el gerundio como sujeto.
    • Ejemplos:
    • Objeto
    • I like cooking.

      Play

      I like cooking./I like to cook. (Me gusta cocinar.)
    • She continued working.

      Play

      She continued working./She continued to work. (Continuó trabajando.)
    • Sujeto
    • Swimming is good exercise.

      Play

      Swimming is good exercise. (Nadar es un buen ejercicio.)
    • Drinking and driving is dangerous.

      Play

      Drinking and driving is dangerous. (Beber y conducir es peligroso.)
    • Complemento
    • The best thing to do when you are sick is to drink a lot of water.

      Play

      The best thing to do when you are sick is to drink a lot of water. (Lo mejor que puedes hacer cuando estás enfermo es beber mucha agua.)
    • My favorite exercise is swimming.

      Play

      My favorite exercise is swimming. (Mi ejercicio favorito es la natación.)
  2. Cuando un verbo sigue otro verbo, siempre necesitamos usar el infinitivo o el gerundio. Normalmente usamos el infinitivo después de algunos verbos y el gerundio después de otros. También hay verbos con los que podemos usar el gerundio o el infinitivo.
    • Ejemplos:
    • I can't afford to buy a new car.

      Play

      I can't afford to buy a new car. (No puede permitirse comprar un coche nuevo.)
    • He began to doubt himself.

      Play

      He began to doubt himself./He began doubting himself. (Comenzó a dudar de sí mismo.)
    • They decided to move to Australia in May.

      Play

      They decided to move to Australia in May. (Decidieron mudarse a Australia en Mayo.)
    • I enjoy listening to music.

      Play

      I enjoy listening to music. (Disfruto escuchar música.)
    • She hates studying.

      Play

      She hates studying./She hates to study. (Odia estudiar.)
    • You love dancing.

      Play

      You love dancing./You love to dance. (Te encanta bailar.)
    • He needed to leave class early because he had an appointment.

      Play

      He needed to leave class early because he had an appointment. (Tenía que salir de la clase pronto porque tenía una cita.)
    • She can't tolerate complaining.

      Play

      She can't tolerate complaining. (No puede tolerar quejas.)
    • I tried learning English.

      Play

      I tried learning English./I tried to learn English. (He intentado aprender inglés.)
  3. Verbo
    Gerundio
    Infinitivo
    Afford

    Play

    Afford
     
    X
    Agree

    Play

    Agree
     
    X
    Attempt

    Play

    Attempt
     
    X
    Begin

    Play

    Begin
    X
    X
    Choose

    Play

    Choose
     
    X
    Continue

    Play

    Continue
    X
    X
    Decide

    Play

    Decide
     
    X
    Detest

    Play

    Detest
    X
     
    Enjoy

    Play

    Enjoy
    X
     
    Expect

    Play

    Expect
     
    X
    Fail

    Play

    Fail
     
    X
    Finish

    Play

    Finish
    X
     
    Hate

    Play

    Hate
    X
    X
    Hope

    Play

    Hope
     
    X
    Imagine

    Play

    Imagine
    X
     
    Intend

    Play

    Intend
     
    X
    Keep

    Play

    Keep
    X
     
    Learn

    Play

    Learn
     
    X
    Like

    Play

    Like
    X
    X
    Love

    Play

    Love
    X
    X
    Manage

    Play

    Manage
     
    X
    Need

    Play

    Need
     
    X
    Offer

    Play

    Offer
     
    X
    Plan

    Play

    Plan
     
    X
    Prefer

    Play

    Prefer
    X
    X
    Promise

    Play

    Promise
     
    X
    Quit

    Play

    Quit
    X
     
    Recommend

    Play

    Recommend
    X
     
    Refuse

    Play

    Refuse
     
    X
    Regret

    Play

    Regret
    X
     
    Seem

    Play

    Seem
     
    X
    Start

    Play

    Start
    X
    X
    Suggest

    Play

    Suggest
    X
     
    Tend

    Play

    Tend
     
    X
    Threaten

    Play

    Threaten
     
    X
    Tolerate

    Play

    Tolerate
    X
     
    Try

    Play

    Try
    X
    X
    Understand

    Play

    Understand
    X
     
    Want

    Play

    Want
     
    X
    Wish

    Play

    Wish
    X
    X
  4. Con algunos verbos, cuando usamos el gerundio o el infinitivo, el significado cambia.
    • Ejemplos:
    • I forgot writing that email.

      Play

      I forgot writing that email./I forgot to write that email. (Me olvidé escribiendo ese correo electrónico./Me olvidé de escribir el correo electrónico.)
    • Stop watching the television.

      Play

      Stop watching the television./Stop to watch the news. (Dejar de ver la televisión./Parar para ver las noticias.)
  5. forget, mean, remember, stop...
  6. Se usa el infinitivo después de adjetivos.
    • Ejemplos:
    • I'm glad to see you.

      Play

      I'm glad to see you. (Me alegro de verte.)
    • She was surprised to find the door unlocked.

      Play

      She was surprised to find the door unlocked. (Se sorprendió al encontrar la puerta abierta.)
  7. disappointed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sad, surprised...
  8. Después de preposiciones solo podemos usar el gerundio.
    • Ejemplos:
    • He's good at listening.

      Play

      He's good at listening. (Escucha bien.)
    • I always read before going to bed.

      Play

      I always read before going to bed. (Siempre leo antes de acostarme.)
    • You can't leave without saying goodbye.

      Play

      You can't leave without saying goodbye. (No puedes salir sin despedirte.)
  9. about, against, at, after, before, by, on, without...
  10. Se usa el gerundio después de unos nombres.
    • Ejemplos:
    • What is the advantage of waiting?

      Play

      What is the advantage of waiting? (¿Cuál es la ventaja de esperar?)
    • I am interested in taking an English class.

      Play

      I am interested in taking an English class. (Estoy interesado en tomar una clase de inglés.)
    • His problem finding a new jow was his lack of experience.

      Play

      His problem finding a new job was his lack of experience. (Su problema para encontrar un nuevo empleo era su falta de experiencia.)
  11. advantage/disadvantage of, danger of, experience in, interested in, opportunity of, reason for, problem, use...
  12. Se usa el gerundio después de unas expresiones o verbos frasales.
    to look forward to, to be worth, can't help, don't mind, feel like...
    • Ejemplos:
    • We're really looking fordward to seeing you.

      Play

      We're really looking forward to seeing you. (Tenemos muchas ganas de verte.)
    • The movie was not worth seeing.

      Play

      That movie was not worth seeing. (No vale la pena ver esa película.)
    • I can't help falling in love.

      Play

      I can't help falling in love. (No puedo evitar enamorarme.)
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